🧠 ¿Qué son las estacionarias (SWR)?
SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) o “estacionarias” mide la eficiencia con la que la señal de tu emisora CB se transmite a través de la antena.
Un SWR alto significa mala adaptación → pérdida de señal y riesgo para el equipo.
✅ Lo que necesitas
- 📻 Emisora CB (por ejemplo: President, Midland, TTI, etc.)
- 📡 Antena CB ajustable
- 📏 Medidor de estacionarias (SWR meter)
- 📞 Cable coaxial (si el medidor no va en línea)
🛠️ PASO A PASO
1️⃣ Instala correctamente la antena
- Colócala en el vehículo o base con una buena masa metálica (muy importante para móviles).
- Asegúrate de que está bien firme y sin falsos contactos.
- Si es antena de base, comprueba que tenga un plano de tierra adecuado (o usa radiales).
2️⃣ Conecta el medidor de estacionarias
Hay dos formas:
🔁 Entre la emisora y la antena:
- Puerto TX del medidor → va a la emisora
- Puerto ANT del medidor → va a la antena
📌 Asegúrate de que los cables estén bien apantallados y en buen estado.
3️⃣ Pon la emisora en el canal 20 o 1
- Usa canal 20 (centro de la banda) como referencia general.
- También puedes medir en el canal 1 y en el canal 40 para comparar los extremos.
4️⃣ Mide la SWR (Forward/Reflected)
- Enciende la emisora.
- Pon el medidor en modo “FWD” o “CAL” (calibrar).
- Pulsa el PTT del micro y ajusta la aguja con el potenciómetro hasta el final de la escala.
- Cambia el medidor a modo “REF” o “SWR”.
- Vuelve a pulsar el PTT y lee el valor de SWR.
5️⃣ Interpreta los resultados
| Valor SWR | Significado |
|---|---|
| 1.0 a 1.5 | ✅ Excelente – todo perfecto |
| 1.5 a 2.0 | ⚠️ Aceptable – pero se puede mejorar |
| 2.0+ | ❌ Malo – riesgo de dañar la emisora |
6️⃣ Ajusta la longitud de la antena
Si la SWR está alta:
- SWR más alta en canal 1 que en canal 40 → la antena es demasiado larga.
✂️ Corta ligeramente la varilla (2-3 mm cada vez). - SWR más alta en canal 40 que en canal 1 → la antena es demasiado corta.
📏 Sube la varilla o añade un poco si es posible.
⚠️ Siempre haz ajustes mínimos y vuelve a medir.
7️⃣ Repite hasta conseguir SWR bajo
- Vuelve a medir en los canales 1, 20 y 40.
- Busca el punto más equilibrado entre todos (ideal: 1.3 o menos).
📌 Consejos adicionales
- Si no baja de 2.0, revisa la masa, el cable coaxial o prueba con otra ubicación.
- En vehículos, el plano de masa es clave.
🎯 Resultado final esperado
Una SWR entre 1.0 y 1.5 en toda la banda CB = buena adaptación y máximo rendimiento.
Tu emisora trabajará más fresca, tendrás más alcance y protegerás tu equipo.
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